Many years experience of preformed physical factors in treatment practice usage, science researches for the explanation of their usage in medicine and determination of mechanism of action gave new facts and galvanized new concepts in physiotherapy, medical rehabilitation and balneology into development. It is known that modern medicine has such main characteristics: narrow specialization, well developed pharmacotherapy, which is dominant in correction of inadequate functions and high achievements in surgery. During millions years, evolutionally, all environmental factors such as sunlight, magnetic field of the Earth, electromagnetic waves of space origin, influenced people, and in organism itself developed general and specific physiological reflexes to noted natural factors. So, one factor cannot solve all the problems of a sick person, his/ her rehabilitation. In every concrete situation optimal variant can be found, but also additional can be used. For example, in case of muscles hypotrophy in a result of nerve damage, electrical myostimulation will be the most important, other (laser therapy, tripsis, exercise therapy, EHF) will be additional, because only electrical myostimulation gives safe renewing myostimulating effect.

 

 

Electrotherapy- is a paragraph of machine physiotherapy, which is represented by catenary (flows) and distant (electro-magnetic waves) methods:

 

Galvanization- is a method of treatment with usage of constant flows of little strength (to 50 mAh) and low voltage( to 60 V), which came into tissues through respiratory glands and oil glands and also through the dots of acupuncture. It changes qualitative and quantitative correlation of ions near cellule membranes, acid-base condition of tissues environment, osmotic processes, transparency of membranes, excitability of cellules, oxidation-reduction and ferment processes, it intensifies blood and lymph circulation, stimulates metabolic-trophic processes, promotes processes of nerve, bonny, connective tissues regeneration,. And it is also noticed humoral and reflectory impact on the organism.

Peculiarities of the action: reflectory-segmental mechanism with anode, cathode effects; local action with the help of anode or cathode influence; metabolic, sedative, general-stimulating effect under general technics.

Indications: regulation of the basic nerve processes on neurosis, chancre, hypertension of the 1^st and 2nd degrees; regulation of vegetative functions on hemicrany, solar plexitis, bronchial asthma, nasal asthma; stimulation of peripheral nerves regeneration; lessening and liquidation of pain syndrome on neuralgia, neuropathy; renewing of functions and lessening of secretory and motor distresses in the digestive system( gastritis, colitis with hypo- and hyper-motor diskinesia of bile passages); resolution inflammatory infiltrate on inveterate inflammatory processes; improvement of trophic processes; sickness of ENT-organs, eyes, skin, locomotorium; afteractions of traumatic affects of cerebrum and spinal medulla and their operculums.

Contraindications: general contraindications for the physiotherapy, acute mattery inflammatory processes, discords of the skin sensation, individual intolerance of the current, abnormality of the skin sheets integration in the places, where electrodes must be put.

 

Medical electrophoresis- it is a method of combined influence on the organism with two factors-constant (aligned) current and inserted medicine with its help. On the background of the action of the constant current as a biological irritator (active curing factor) exists a specific back reaction for every medical substance (ionic reflex). Directional movement of ions is used to insert in organism medical substances, and these substances are inserted according to the sign of their charges (plus or minus) with dissociation in fluid. Mechanism of the action: appearance of back reaction in the nature of general ionic reflex is specific for the action of inserted medical substance, which goes into interchanging processes and influences cellules and tissues if it acts through the blood, lymph, and organism itself. Medical substance is inserted in the nature of ions or sporadic ingredients without inclusions (separated of ballasts), with increased pharmacological activity directly in the pathological tissues, in small counts (small concentrations), moreover, its main mass is in the interfacial layer of the skin, it creates depole electrical profiling and assists to formation local ionic reflexes.

Medicaments- cations , which are inserted from anode (+): epinephrine hydrochloride, aminazin, atropine sulphate, acetylcholine chloride, galantamine hydrochloride, haloperidol, hangleron, hyaluronidase, histidine hydrochloride, dalargin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, cavinton, kalium iodine (chloride), calcium chloride, cobalt hydrochloride, curantyl, lidaza, lidocaine, lithium chloride (bromide), magnesium sulphate, manganese sulphate, methacin, methyluracil, miramistin, novocaine, procainamide hydrochloride, pyridoxine, pirilen, platifillin hydrotartrate, proserine, lyochrome, seduxen, silver nitrate, cincoccaine hydrochloride, suprastin, sulfanilamide, tisercin, thiamine hydrochloride, trimecaine, trasylol, tripsin, trilon B, phenobarbital, cyancobalamin, zinc sulphate, ergotamine tartrate, ephedrine hydrochloride.

Medicaments- anions , which are inserted from cathode (-): vitamin C, Gammalone, analgin, aloe extract liquid, heparine, hydrocortone succinate, hictamine hydrochloride, glytamine acid, diazepam, diclofenac-gel, sodium bromide, dimethylsulfoxide, guaranine sodium benzoate, potassium iodide, ichthyol, niacin, oxybutirate natrium, panangitis, reparil-gel, salicylate natrium, sulphur (sodium), theophylline, fastum-gel, natrium phosphate, natrium fluoride (chloride), chymotripsin crystalline, trental, aminophylline.

Medicaments- anions, which are inserted from both poles (+/-): apizatron, apiphorum, bilarin, bishofit humisol, peloid, tar camphor, peloidin, cod liver nuclease, glasslike soma.

Indications: are determined by pharmacological action of the doctorial substance according to the data for usage direct or pulsed current (amplipulse -, diadinamophoresis).

Contraindications: besides of general contraindications for the galvanization, should be noted contraindications for the usage of medicaments (intolerance, allergic reactions).

 

Influence of microelements on the basic systems of the organism (for the usage with electrophoresis):

Kalium: large consumptions in stress situations should be renewed.

Magnesium: helps against stress. It is antidepressant.

Zinc: helps against passivity and depressions.

Cuprum: improves uptake of the iron in the organism, intensifies action of analgesics. It assists in improvement of brain work.

Manganese: the lack of it can cause epilepsy.

Manganese: lack of manganese is usually observed among people, who have asthma.

Selenium: prevents lemic diseases of bronchus.

Zinc: supports antitoxic function of the liver.

Selenium: improves exchange in tissues.

Kalium: stimulates gastric and intestinal peristalsis, improves digestion.

Magnesium: the lack of it can cause breakdown of digestion.

Calcium: firms bones and teeth.

Zinc: the lack of it can cause rheumatic diseases.

Iron: the lack of it can cause chronic polyarthritis.

Cuprum: prevents inflammatory processes of motor apparatus.

Molybdenum: saves fluor in tooth tissue and prevents caries.

Selenium: the lack of it can cause arthritis.

Zinc: helps to cure wounds. It is highly needed in the case of psoriasis, eczemas, xerosis, prevents psilosis.

Manganese: the lack of it can cause allergy.

Selenium: improves regeneration of the skin in case of delitescent intoxicating with heavy metals.

Kalium: intensifies heart muscles, normalizes blood pressure.

Magnesium: improves condition of coronary vessels, prevents atherosclerosis.

Manganese: lack of manganese is usually observed among people, who have diabetic damage of the vessels.

Chrome: reduces the degree of cholesterol and glycerol.

Selenium: supports blood supply of the heart, resists to atherosclerosis.

Zinc: improves immune system, exteriorizes heavy metals.

Iron: reduces the possibility of appearance of lemic diseases.

Cuprum: intensifies immune system together with iron.

Selenium: is the one of indispensable protector of cellules, neutralizes stannic, mercuric, cadmium.

Magnesium: may reduce pain on catamenias.

Zinc: normalizes damages of menstrual cycle.

Iron: reduces the risk of premature birth.

Molybdenum: has positive influence on some forms of impotency.

Cuprum: prevents muscular pains.

Kalium: prevents muscular spasmus.

Selenium: assists to the development of muscular tissue.

Calcium: lack of it leads to spasmus.

Magnesium: lack of it leads to spasmus and deteriorates muscles supply with blood.

Manganese: stimulates tissues exchange in muscles.

Zinc: controls the exchange of sugar and defluvium of insulin, supports genital function.

Chrome: lack of it leads to the damage of sugar exchange (diabetes of the 2^nd type).

 

Electrical sleep- it is a method of influence on the central nervous system with a constant impulse current (with orthogonal form of impulses) of law frequency (3-150 Hz), little force. With the influence of this current on brain appears monotonous, rhythmical irritation of the cortex and subcortex locus, where located such formations as hypothalamus, kernels of optic thalamus, reticular formation, limbic system and so on, it leads to retardation and sleep. It changes the condition of nervous system. It normalizes the function of vegetal nervous system, arterial pressure, basal metabolism of blood-forming system, activates the function of brain subcortex structures. It reduces emotional irritation, improves possibilities of myocard. Peculiarities of the action: neurophilic effects are connected with direct influence on the brain and reflex action on skin receptors; sedative, vegetal stabilizing, exchange, analgetic, vascular action.

Indications: psycho-neurological diseases and neurological diseases (neurosis, neuralgia, asthenic feelings); hypertonic disease of the 1^st and 2^nd degrees; IHD, early period of rehabilitation of ill people, who had infarct; eczema, neurodermatitis; night incontinence of urine; battarism; toxemia of pregnancy; post-operation period; diseases of gastrointestinal tract; gynaecological diseases; bronchial asthma.

Contraindications: epilepsy, decompensated cardiac anomalies, intolerance of the current, inflammatory diseases of the eyes, weeping dermatitis of the face.

 

Central electro-analgesia it is a method of electrotherapy, which influences the brain with the help of impulse current of orthogonal form with duration of impulse 0.15-0.5 milliseconds, frequency 150-2000 Hz, and electric current intensity 2-3 mA. Electro-analgesia appears under the influence of this current. With the help of lessening of biological information stream from the periphery reduces the stimulation of emotionally active zones of hypothalamus and occurs evident sedative, analgesic and vegetal stabilizing actions. Under the influence with the frequency 150-500 Hz and impulse duration 0.2-0.5 milliseconds is a sedative action, and with the frequency 800-1200 Hz, and impulse duration 0.15-0.2 milliseconds is an analgesic effect.

Peculiarities of the action: neurophilic effects, are connected with direct action of the current in special regimes on the central nervous system; basic effects are sedative, tranquilizing, antipsychotic, analgetic, vegetal stabilizing.

Indications: pain syndrome of different causation; preparation of patients to the surgery operations; preparation of pregnant to the childbearing and management of childbearing; for the treatment of toxicosis and for the precaution of difficult forms appearance during pregnancy; the precaution of work exhaustion; IHD; ulcer of stomach and duodenum; vegetal-vascular dystonia; damage of the sleep, itching dermatosis; meteotropic reactions.

Contraindications: acute pains of viscerogenic origin, clothed brain injury, epilepsy, damage of heart rhythm, damage of the skin in the spots, where electrodes are put.

 

Diadynamic therapy (DDT) - is a usage of the constant currents with half-sine pulses, which have the frequency 50 in 1(single pulse) or 100 in 1 (two pulse) with a treatment aim. Retardation of pain sensibility happens because of rhythmic irritation of peripheral nervous receptors, which permeates at the moment of current passage (symptomatic action). Determining action happens after the end of the procedure with the help of perineural dropsy resolution through the stimulation of trophism and tissue exchange (pathogenic action). Retardation influence on the sympathetic nervous system (spasm arteriola disappears, circulation of the blood normalizes, tissues trophism improves) occurs under the influence of diadynamic therapy. Rhythmic contraction of muscles fibers improves blood circulation in vessels, stimulates collateral blood- and lymph exchange, reduces the dropsy of the tissues. Peculiarities of the action: analgesic, trophic, anti-inflammatory, stimulating nervous-muscles apparatus, reflexive-segmental and local; effects modulate in accordance with location in active zone of cathode or anode.

Indications: diseases, which are followed by pain syndromes, disability of blood circulation and trophism; diseases of circumferential nervous system (neuritis, neuromyositis, plexitis, radiculitis, neuralgia), joints, chine, resolution therapy in the case of cicatrix or muscle boundary treatment, in the case of false keloid treatment, in the case of limited movement of joints; degenerative-dystrophic disease of joints and chine; dyskinesia of the stomach, gall bladder, intestinal canal.

Contraindications: individual intolerance of the current, predisposition to the bleeding, mattery infection, craunch of the bones, thrombophlebitis, gallstone and urinary stone diseases.

 

Amplipulse therapy (APT) is an influence with treatment aim with the sinusoidal currents of average frequency, which are modulated on the amplitude of the law frequency in the frames of 10-150 Hz (APT). The frequency 5000 Hz is used as a carrier frequency, under which as a result of little skin resistance, it is made good transparency of the current in the deepness of the tissues. Mechanism of the action is as in the diadynamic therapy. Rhythmic influence of APT on nervous-muscles apparatus has more distinct analgesic action, and rhythmic contraction of the muscle fibers improves peripheral blood circulation, development of collaterals, stimulation the tissue trophic. But APT differs from DDT by mild influence and deep transparency.

Peculiarities of the action: analgesic, trophic, anti-inflammatory, stimulating nervous-muscles apparatus, reflexive- segmental , local and general; effects modulate in accordance with location in active zone of cathode or anode. The changeable or aligned regime is used.

Indications: pain syndrome, which is conditioned by dystrophic disease of limb joints and backbone, results of damages of locomotor system, diseases of peripheral nerves, internals; paresis and palsy of the limb muscles, soma, face, child cerebral palsy; dyskinesia of the colon with advantage of anatomic component, diseases of limb vessels, hypertonia; bronchial asthma of bland and middle phase at the moment of recrudescence, diseases of eyes, diseases of ENT organs; diseases of female pudendum.

Contraindications: mattery inflammation of every locus, predisposition to the bleeding, thrombophlebitis, heart-vascular diseases in the phase of decompensation.

 

Fluctuarization is the influence of the sinusoidal alternating current with little strength and voltage, which is modulated on the amplitude and frequency in the frames of 100-2000 Hz . Constant change of vibration parameters doesn’t cause summation processes in the tissues, which happen under the rhythmic influence of the same impulses of vibrations. It causes muscle rhythmic contractions, improves blood-, lymph circulation, improves transparency of vessel walls, activates ferment activity, improves tissue trophic. Peculiarities of the action: frank analgetic, anti-inflammatory, trophic.

Indications: condition after operant treatment concerning acute mattery inflammatory processes; acute and chronic sharpen arthritis of  temple-gnathic joint; neuralgia ( trophic, other nerves); osteochondrosis of the backbone; myalgia, arthrosis, initis, inflammation of uterine appendages, apostems and phlegmons after operant treatment; pain after the extraction of teeth.

Contraindications: acute lemic diseases, thrombobliterative diseases, vibration disease, neurosis of obsession, Menier syndrome, intolerance of the current, condition after the cardiac accident during 6 months.

 

Elecro-neurostimulation through the skin (ENSS) is appointed for the analgetic effect. It differs in such a case that under the little strength of the current and duration of the impulse, contraction of muscle structures doesn’t appear. Eisodic fibers of sensorial nerves are activated without usage of moving structures and muscle contraction, number of opiate-like substances in the backbone liquid increases.

Peculiarities of the action: analgesic action through the muting of the pain impulse, stimulation of endorphin elaboration in the central nervous system.

Indications: diseases of the central andcircumferencial nervous systems; insult of locomotor system.

Contraindications: intolerance of the current, predisposition to the bleeding, peracute mattery processes, trophic ulcers.

Electrophoresis by impulse currents of the medical substances is a method of the treatment, where impulse currents of the medical substance are active. Medical substance is inserted with their help. Diadynamic current is the variety of unidirectional current. Electrophoresis of the medical substances (diadynamophoresis) can be made with its help. Electrophoresis of the medical substance (amplipulsephorese) can be made with the help of sinusoidal modulated current. It is used current in a constant regime without change of its polarity.

 

Peculiarities of the action: mutual exponentiation of the medical substance and current effectiveness.

Indications: the same as for the electrophoresis, DDT, amplipulse therapy.

Contraindications: individual intolerance of the current and medical substance, predisposition to the bleeding, thrombophlebitis, mattery infection, broken bones, cholelithiasis and urolithiasis.

 

Interference therapy is a method of treatment, where acting factor is interference currents. They penetrate deeply in the tissues, it appears interaction with the tissue potentials, causes contraction of the muscles, improves microcirculation in tissues, it has resolve effect, improves oxidative exchange processes in the tissues, their trophic, reduces inflammatory process. The cross of the currents penetrates just the deep tissues. It differs them from APT and DDT.

Peculiarities of the action: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, trophic, function that stimulates nervous-muscle system; it mainly acts in the deepness of the tissues.

Indications: lessening and liquidation of the pain syndrome; influence on the functional condition of the CNS under neurosis and organic diseases of the CNS to intensify inhibitory processes in the case of sleep disturbance, ulcer of the stomach, stimulation of regenerative processes in the nerve trunk; getting of reflexive effects; reflexive influence of milk glands under gynaecological processes; renewing of secretory disability under functional disabilities of gastroenteric tract ; resolution of infiltrates, cicatrixes (mollities); lessening of muscle atrophy under the flaccid paralysis, anatomy of bally muscles, hypertrophic disease of the 1^st and 2^nd degrees; general diseases of the organs of small pelvis.

Contraindications: acuteinflammatory processes, breaks with non immobilized bone fragments, cholelithiasis and urolithiasis, thrombophlebitis, implanted cardiostimulators, skin defects in the locus of the influence.

 

Electrical stimulation is a method of the treatment to renew the function nerve-muscle system, where active factors are impulse currents. In the basis of irritation and contraction of the muscles lie complicated physical-chemical processes. All biological tissues have potentials during their activity. These potentials provide biological and bioelectrical phenomena in these tissues. Under the influence of impulse current, which influences the part of nerve or muscle fiber, appears irritation in this part, and the beginning of it is the vibration of membranous potential of the action and polarization of membranes with ions K, Na, which leads the change of the protein structure and contract muscles. Under the normal electrical irritation muscle corresponds with titanium contractions during the whole time of the current passage to titanium current, and on the irritation of galvanic, at the moment of connections and disconnection, appears fast reaction of the muscle contraction.

Peculiarities of the action: improvement of the trophic processes, blood supply and nerve-muscle transmission in stimulating tissues.

Indications: initial muscle atrophy, which appeared as a result of peripheral motor neurone bisability; secondary muscle atrophy as a result of long immobilization after the crunch, skin corrective surgery; myopathic paresis and palsies; atony of unstriped muscles of the internals; reduction of the acusis, sexual neurosis.

Contraindications: intolerance of the current, predisposition to the bleeding, acute mattery processes trophic ulcers.

 

Darsonvalization is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is an alternate impulse current with the high frequency (110 kHz), high voltage (20 kv) low force (0.02 mA) as quickly attenuate series of vibrations. Local influence causes short narrowing and than the widening of the vessels, normalizes tonus of unstriped muscles, it reduces raised tonus of arteries and rises reduced tonus of veins, which reduces venous defervescence, improves capillaceous blood circulation, nutrition of the tissues. It reduces sensibility of nerve endings, changes the spasm of unstriped muscles constrictors, fulfills analgetic effect.

Peculiarities of the action: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, trophic, local and reflectory-segmental; the action modulates according to distant or contact methods; the variant of auto-genous tissues therapy as a result of spark column.

Indications: varicosity of the ankle and hemorrhoidal vena; disease of Reino of the 1^st and 2^nd stages; cold injury, trophic ulcers, wounds, which don’t heal for a long time, fissures of anus; burns, itch of the skin; loss of hair, eczema, psoriasis, reduction of the skin turgor, alveolysis, chronic gingivitis; nasal asthma, cochlear neuritis, neuralgia, heart and head aches, which are connected with functional diseases of nervous system; neurosis.

Contraindications: melignant neoplasms, predisposition to the bleeding, intolerance of the current.

 

Ultraton therapy is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is an alternate current with the frequency (22Hz), high voltage (4.5-5 kv). It acts milder than arsonvalization. Local blood circulation improves under the influence of the current, and chylifaction is a result of increasing of generation of hit in the tissues. It rises the activity of exchange processes, reduces congested phenomena, pain, displays spasmolytic and anti- inflammatory actions.

Peculiarities of the action: local and reflectory-segmental, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, analgetic, trophic, spark column is absent.

Indications: inflammatory processes of the local character; diseases of skin and mucous; primary phases obliterating endarteritis; disease of Reino; gynaecological diseases, hair loss, neuritis, neuralgia of cranial nerves, wounds that don’t heal for a long time, prostatitis; exudative child diathesis.

Contraindications: intolerance of the current, bleeding of mucous coats.

 

Franklinization is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is a constant electrical field with the high voltage (10-50 kv) as a result of influence, after the short spasm of the vessels, capillary tubes of surface and deep tissues became wider, it improves exchanging processes, stimulates processes of regeneration and renewing of functions. Improvement of blood supply of the brain and its cappings reduces the headache, rises arterial pressure, rises the tonus of vessels.

Peculiarities of the action: sedative, general stimulating, vascular, bacteriostatic, regenerative.  

Indications: functional diseasesof the CNS (it followed by raised irritation and insomnia); hypertrophic disease of the 1^st and 2^nd degrees; neurocirculatory asthenia by the hypertrophic type; bronchial asthma; mental and physical strains, reduction of activity; itch of the skin, neurodermia, trophic ulcers; infected wounds with slow course, burns, skin paresthesia.

Contraindications: depressive positions, organic diseases of the CNS, raised sensibility to ionized air.

 

Neodiathermy is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is high-pitched electro-magnetic vibrations 13.6 mHz (length of the wave is 22.13 m). Electromotive force is produced under the influence of magnetic field in conductive tissues of the organism. It produces eddy currents or Foucault currents in them., which cause thermal and oscillatory effects. Endogenic thermal influence determines the peculiarities of neodiathermy (it isn’t prescribed in the acute phase of inflammation).

Peculiarities of the action: endogenic thermogenesis; anti-inflammatory action, in subacute and acute phases of inflammation, spasmolytic action. The deepness of the penetration is 8-9 cm.

Indications: subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of internals, joints, urinogenital system, subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of peripheral nervous system with the pain syndrome, osreochondrosis of the backbone; current fractures of long bones; chronic tonsillitis with reaction of local, regional and lymph glands; subacute inflammation of nasal antrum; disease with the raised tonus of cross-stripped and unstriped muscles ( clonic contractions of stapedius muscle, hyperkinesias of vocal apparatus); neuritis of facial nerve; scleriasis, hypertonic disease of the 1^st and 2^nd stages.

Contraindications: acute inflammatory processes, ischemic heart disease, presence of implanted cardiostimulators and metal objects in the zone of action, frank hypotonia, benign neoplasm and malignant swellings.

 

Ultra-high frequency treatment is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is alternating electric field with ultra-high frequency (40.68 mHz or 27.12 mHz, intensity from 1 to 350 W). Electrical field UHF causes in the tissues of the organism thermal and oscillatory effect. The energy of the field is swallowed in the tissues, which have high electrical resistivity- nervous, adipoid, skin, tendons, bands. Large amount of the warmth is produced in them. Oscillatory effect causes the activity of blood albumines, raises the dispersity of the blood proteins, changes PH in acid side. Endogenic warmth is homogeneous, there is no risk of overheat in the acute phase of inflammation.

Peculiarities of the action: anti-inflammatory action, which starts from the acute phase, dehydrating, analgetic, spasmolytic, vascular; immune-correcting and hormonal effects under the influence on the brain. The deepness of penetration is 11 cm and more.

Indications: acute inflammatory processes in organs and systems, trauma of the spine and peripheral nerves; radiculitis, neuralgia, causalgia, phantom limb pain; poliomyelitis, medullitis, encephalitis, myositis (subacute and chronic phases); Raynaud’s disease, obliterating endarteritis; otitis, acute tubootitis and eustachitis on the background of catarrhal phenomena in nasal pharynx; acute rhinitis;acute sinusitis, acute laryngitis; blotches, carbuncles, phlegmons, apostems, felons, hydro-adenitis, wounds; arthritis in acute and subacute phases.

Contraindications: neoplasms, predisposition to the bleeding, presence influence zones of enthetic metal objects with size 2x22 mm in the tissues and more expressed hypotonus, system blood diseases, pregnancy, angor pectoris with frequent attacks, aortic aneurysm, encysted mattery processe.

 

UHF neodiathermy is a method of the treatment, under which, on the tissues of the patient influences with magnetic strand of electro-magnetic field with the ultra-high frequency. Mechanism of action corresponds to the mechanism of UHF action and neodiathermy. It can be used in the acute phase of inflammation.

Peculiarities of the action: connection of UHF therapy and neodiathermy effects- anti-inflammatory, thermal, spasmolytic. Deepness of penetration is 4-5 cm.

Indications: subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of different organs and systems.

Contraindications: neoplasms, predisposition to the bleeding, damages of pain and thermal sensibility.

 

Centimeter wave therapy (CMW-therapy) is a method of treatment, when centimeter waves in 12 cm with the frequency 2375 mHz are used. Because of the high frequency of vibrations it has frank thermal and oscillatory action, in therapeutic doses activates tissue respiration, raises the functions of chondriosomes, stimulates fermentative activity of amino-acid ferments, raises the metabolism.

Peculiarities of the action: anti-inflammatory, starting from the subacute phase of the inflammatory process, spasmolytic, vassal; when prescribe, it is necessary to take into account possibility of “standing” waves appearance. Deepness of penetration is 5 cm.

Indications: inflammatory processes in subacute and chronic phases; treatment of dental diseases; usage in cosmetology; treatment of skin diseases; diseases of joints, peripheral nerves, internals; diseases of ENT organs; hypertensive disease of the 1^st and 2^nd stages.

Contraindications: cardiac infarction in the acute phase, turgidity of the tissues in the place of influence, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, neoplasms, predisposition to the bleeding, sthenic phthisis.

 

Decimeter wave therapy (DMW-therapy) is a method of treatment, when decimeter waves in 65 and 96 cm with the frequency 460 and 433 mHz, accordingly in some machines 915 mHz) are used. Thermal energy of UHF-therapy penetrates the organism on 9-10 cm, and it is swallowed by different tissues, mainly by tissues, which good supplied with blood (muscles, parenchymatous organs and others), warmth spreads on deep tissues and organs also (deepness 9-10 cm).

Peculiarities of the action: anti-inflammatory, starting from the subacute phase of the inflammatory process, spasmolytic, vascular, immune-modulating. Deepness of penetration is 9-10 cm. It is optimal for the influence on endocrinous organs.

Indications: inflammatory processes in subacute and acute phases; degenerative-dystrophic diseases of joints of limbs and backbone; diseases of peripheral nerves; rheumatic arthritis on the phase of fibrous changes; stomach ulcer without predisposition to the bleeding; hypertensive disease of the 1^st and 2^nd stages; chronic ischemic disease.

Contraindications: neoplasms, predisposition to the bleeding, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, general contraindications.

 

Millimeter wave therapy (MMW-therapy) is a method of treatment, when millimeter waves from 1 to 10 mm with the frequency 30-300 mHz,) are used. According to modern notion, every disease, or disability of organism functions, is followed by the change of cellule generation EHF-signals, which frequency is determined by the character if disease. Artificial standard EHF-signals leads to the normalization of electro-magnetic frame of the cellule, which brings into action mechanisms, which removes speed damages of biochemical reactions and fermentative activity. It is mainly used for the influence on biologically active spots.

Peculiarities of the action: resonancecharacter of energy swallowing mmX identifies the development of anti-inflammatory, anti-hydropic, resolve, immune-modulating, generative influences. Deepness of penetration is 0.2-0.6 mm.

Indications: subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of peripheral nervous system chronic diseases of internals; skin diseases; cervical erosion; consolidated fractures of the bones; influence on biologically active spots.

Contraindications: acute mattery inflammatory diseases, hyperthyrea, neurodermia, vegetalization, pregnancy.

 

Magnetic therapy (MT) is a method of treatment, when on the tissues of the patient influences low-frequency or constant magnetic field (MF) with the help of inductors-electromagnets or constant magnets with the frequency 10-150 Hz, with force of magnetic induction 10-35 Mt. For the treatment influence different kinds of low-frequency MF are used: variable magnetic field (VMF), pulsation magnetic field (PMF), running magnetic field (RMF) and others. In mechanism of the action primary physical-chemical phenomena in biological substances, elements of the blood, biocolloids are on the first stage; molecules gain the capacity to permeate through membranes and it influences biological processes and also the influence on singlet-triplet transitions in radical pairs of biological molecules, which speeds up chemical reactions in 10-30%; number of cytokines, prostaglandins, tocopherol increases; influence on the membranes condition and ionic channels- ion-parametrical magnetic therapy; reduction irritation of neurons with spontaneous impulse activity. Currents are induced in blood and lymph and changes their potential and eddy currents appear under impulse MT, which provide contraction of muscles (henomena of magnetic muscle toning). General effect of magnetic therapy: parasympathicotonic (transmission of energy systems on more saving degree of functioning) and spasmolytic (sympatholytic) effects. It is also registered sedative anti-inflammatory, vassal, trophic, improvement of microcirculation and rheologic blood quality.

Peculiarities of the action: constant MF- immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory; local trophic, local vasodilator; south-toning; north-sedative; impulse MF- neuro-stimulating (muscle toning); vasoactive; analgesic; anti-inflammatory (draining- dehydrating); anti-inflammatory anti-hydropic; vasoactive; trophic, vasoactive; hypo-coagulative; local analgetic. Magnetic therapy also gives effect of ditoxication (10-45 mT, time of the influence is 30-60 min)- penetration of MF is 10 cm, which gives the possibility to influence blood.

Indications: diseases, that are followed by disability of microcirculation (cardiology, arthrology, stomatology, vascular pathology); inflammatory diseases in acute phase; chronic diseases of internals; disease and disability of peripheral nervous system; hypertrophic disease of the 1^st and 2^nd stages; disease of peripheral vessels of the extremities.

Contraindications: individual hypersensibility to the factor, acute dispraxia of the brain blood-supply, acute evident hypotension, presence of implanted cardiostimulators.

Electro-phototherapy (phototherapy) is a method of machine physiotherapy, when different variants of light are used with curing aim and as a precaution. Electro-magnetic waves (EMW) of different length are used in this method. Variants of electro-phototherapy differ according to the length of the wave or frequency of electro-magnetic radiation (EMR).

 

Laser therapy, which has some peculiarities of EMW: monochromatism, polarization, coherence, also belongs to theelectro-photo therapy.

 

Quasi-laser therapy is an original variant of the chromotherapy with the usage of diodes, which shed the light in the frames of one or another colour (red-671-780 nm, yellow-576-585 nm etc). It differs from the laser therapy, because laser therapy is a monochromatic therapy (for example: helium-neon laser has the length of the wave only 632.8 nm, but red quasi-laser sheds the light in the frames 671-780 nm).

 

Electro-phototherapy as a variant of the most natural treatment (a person is constantly surrounded by natural EMR and MF) leads to intense general and specific reactions, which are grouped in such a way (table 3.4.2)

 

Local ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is UV-rays in erythema doses. Electro-magnetic vibrations are used in the frames of 400-180 nm. There are three main processes in the mechanism of the action: biological, humoral, nerve-reflectory, UVR causes photo-electrical effect in the organism, leads to the activation of biochemical processes, to the change of electrical qualities of cellule colloids, influences metabolic and physiological reactions of cellules.

Peculiarities of the action: formation of erythema, bacteriostatic, bacillicidal, anti-inflammatory, trophic, desensitizing. Deepness of UVR penetration is 1 mm.

Indications: disease of internals, nerves and muscles; skin diseases; surgery diseases (wounds, bruises, burns, freezing etc); ENT diseases; sequelae of wounds and insults of locomotor system; diseases of joints and bones; erysipelas inflammation.

Contraindications: hyperthyrea, hypersensibility to the ultraviolet rays, chronic nephratonia, system red lupus, tertian.

 

General UV is a method of the treatment, where acting factor is UV-rays. There are three main processes in the mechanism of the action: biological, humoral, nerve-reflectory, UVR causes photo-electrical effect in the organism, leads to the activation of biochemical processes, to the change of electrical qualities of cellule colloids, influences metabolic and physiological reactions of cellules.

Peculiarities of the action: UV-erythema-aseptic inflammation forms in some time after the radiation of the skin- appears hyperemia, sickliness, dropsy, raises the temperature, lasts for 4 days. It is distinguished: short-wave length band-from 0.28 to 0.32 micron, and long- wave length band from 0.32 to 0.40 micron. It is vitamin D deficiency of adults, pregnant, children; treatment of rachitism; elevation of organism general resistance.

Contraindications: hyperthyrea, hypersensibility to the ultraviolet rays, chronic nephratonia, system red lupus, tertian.

 

Mechanism of the method action is the next: photo-electric effect is observed as a result of UV saturation. Under this effect electro-magnetic quantum knocks out electrons from the outer orbit of the atom. Atoms became charged with electrical particles and combine easily with other atoms. Complicated photo-chemical and photo-biological reactions, which are staring mechanisms of the whole chain of different processes in the organism, are fulfilled with the help of photo-electric effect.Influence ofUVRB is followed by immediate transmission in extracellular space of substances of protein and carbohydrate nature. Their source is cellular surface-external by-membranous layer, which falls under the partial photo-chemical destruction. In radiated cellules of blood is arranged the activation of specialized systems of cellular surface; in monocytes and granulocytes raises phagocytic activity; in T-lymphocytes raises the expression of receptors, which take place in reaction of resetting, and in red blood cells expression of antigens of blood group. The electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells and platelets rises after the UVRB, reduces aggregative ability of red blood cells, raises its osmolar resistance. Besides, the membrane of radiated red blood cells suffer structure reformations, which determine its penetration for ions and gases, raises the deformation of red blood cells: reduces general number of granulocytes and happens degranulation of basocutes with emission of heparin, histamine and catecholamines if the number of granulocytes raises; reduces the number of platelets and concentration of fibrinogen in blood; expression of specific lymphocyte receptors intensifies in 12 times, and it causes the change of blood quality and immune processes in the organism. In the blood plasma the degree of cortisol and corticotropin raises under UVRB and under reduction of oxycorticosteroid excretion. These changes stimulate metabolic processes of lipids peroxidation activity.

Peculiarities of the action: immune-regulating, desensitizing, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesteremic and anelgetic. It improves micro-circulation and regeneration, corrects acid-productive function of the stomach; raises the labor ability and non specific resistance of organism.

Indications: acute and different mattery-inflammatory diseases ( peritonitis, osteomyelitis, sepsis ect); skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, wounds, which don’t heal; internal diseases: acute pneumonia, bronchitis, rheumatism, arthropathia, spondylosis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis, diabetes of 2 types, IHD, hypertensive disease, atherosclerosis of great vessels, lymphostasis, ulcer disease of the stomach, gastritis; disease of nervous system, neuroinfections, neuritis; gynaecological diseases; inflammatory processes of adnexas, menopausal disorders, astysia, male and female agenesia; surgery diseases, burns, trophic ulcers, vassal diseases of limbs, preparation of patients to the operation, for the precaution of postoperative complications.

 

Laser of red band (0.63 micron). In the mechanism of its action on the tissues are important: general-energetic influence on the degree of molecules and atoms, thermal energy, influence of electro-magnetic field, photo-chemical and photo- electrical effects. There are theories: absorption of laser energy (DNA- laser aссeptors, ferments, membranes), resonance and neuro-reflectory.

Peculiarities of the action: stimulation of regeneration, hyper-sensibilization, stimulation of non specific factors of immune production, immune-modulation, anelgetic action, anti-inflammatory action, activation of endocrine organs functions. Deepness of penetration is 1-2 cm.

Indications: dystrophic processes; inflammatory diseases in different phases, diseases, which are followed by disorder of micro-circulation; conditions, under which is necessary to stabilize metabolism and immune processes to make precaution of diseases and in bracing aim, and also for the treatment of elderly patients.

Contraindications: innocent neoplasmsin the zonesof radiation, thyrotoxicosis, malignant tumours.

Contraindications: general for the laser therapy.

 

Laser of infrared range (0.89 micron). In the mechanism of this laser action on the tissues have the meaning: thermal energy, pressure of the light, and with the help of power energy- percussive effect, influence of the magnetic field, photo-chemical, photo-electrical effects.

Peculiarities of the action: basic biological effects, analogical to previous; as a result of usage in the noted mechanism of arsenide-gel laser with the impulse radiation of close infrared area of the spectrum (wave length is 0.89 micron), deepness of penetration raises to 6 cm.

Indications: vascular diseases oflower limbs; diseases of circumferential nervous system (neuralgia, neuritis); diseases of internals, locomotor system, chronic bronchial-lung diseases, bronchial asthma.

Contraindications: acute infectious diseases, innocent neoplasmsin the zonesof radiation, system diseases of blood, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy.

 

Laser of ultraviolet range (0.34 micron). In the mechanism of this laser action on the tissues have the meaning: thermal energy, pressure of the light, and with the help of power energy- percussive effect, influence of the magnetic field, photo-chemical, photo-electrical effects.

Peculiarities of the action: this variant of laser therapy differs by frank bacterial action, has the effect of medium wave range and ultraviolet range (wave length is 0.34 micron), deepness of penetration is 1 mm. Indications: dystrophic processes; inflammatory processes in acute phase, diseases, which are followed by disorder of micro-circulation; conditions, under which is necessary to stabilize metabolism and immune processes.

Contraindications: general for the laser therapy.

 

Endovenous laser therapy is a treatment procedure, under which laser radiation is put in venous bed through the fiber light guide. The basic effects, which are character for the laser therapy are saved for this method; mainly directivity of endovenous laser radiation is connected with the influence on hemostasis, flow properties of the blood, cellule-membrane lumps, system of peroxide oxidation of lipids and other ferment systems.

Indications: CAD, angor pectoris, results of brain ischemic impulse; hypertensive disease; diabetes (biabetic: angiopathy, neuropathy); immune deficiency; grave conditions and system diseases.

Contraindications: general for the laser therapy.

 

Hydro-laser douche bass-is a treatment procedure, under which patient is influenced with thermal water influence (t=36-37C), pressure of water streams on the skin (massage), influence of laser radiation. Peculiarities of the action: stimulation of regeneration, improvement of microcirculation, anti-inflammatory action.

Indications: diseases ofcardiovascular system; disease of locomotor system; disease of nervous system; skin disease. Remedial laser douche bass is prescribed in the complex of laser influence on the skin of internals projection, zone of Zaharin-Gaede.

Contraindications: innocent and malignant neoplasms ofthe 2^nd and 3^rd stages, infectious diseases, diseases of blood, tuberculosis.

 

Therapy with laser scanning ray is a method of laser therapy, under which laser ray radiates necessary zone in automatic or handle regimes. In the base of automatic scanning is put the principle of the laser ray change in space, and it gives the possibility to concentrate the radiation of separate parts of the body of different size with the usage of figures in different configuration.

Mechanism of the action: general for the laser therapy.

Peculiarities of the action: possibility to radiate great parts of the body without focus breaking of the rays. Indications: general for the laser therapy; if it is needed influence on the great part of the body (joints, backbone, internals projection etc); open wounds, ulcers, thrombophlebitis; skin diseases, especially with weeping; cosmetological problems; with healthful and preventive aims; laser phoresis etc.

Contraindications: general for the laser therapy.

 

Infrared radiation (IR) radiation is a method of treatment, which influences tissues with the radiation with the wave length from 0.40 to 0.90 micron and appearance on the locus its own thermal absorption. Energy of IR radiation transmits into thermal energy, and appears vassal reaction as a result of thermal action and irritation of thermal receptors, causes thermal-regulating reaction. At the first vassal reaction occurs with a spasm and than with active hyperemia, raises the local tissue vascularization, raises the number of the blood, which supplies tissues.

Peculiarities of the action: spasmolytic, resolve, anti-inflammatory in the chronic phase of inflammation trophic. The deepness of the penetration is 4-5 cm.

Indications: acute and chronic inflammatory processes (infiltration for the resolution of the inflammatory source; reduction of pain syndrome (myitis, neuralgia); wounds, ulcers, which heal badly; burns and freezing injuries, contracture, adnations, adherence of different origin; chronic and subacute inflammatory diseases of internals.

Contraindications: acute mattery-inflammatory diseases, innocent and malignant neoplasms, bleedings and disposition to them, deficiency of blood circulation of the 2^nd-3^rd stages.

 

Visible radiation is a method of treatment, which influences tissues with the radiation with the wave length from 0.76 to 1.00 micron with appearance on the locus its own thermal absorption, which is stronger than under infrared radiation. Visible radiationis available to intensify local exchange processes, to intensify acid-renewing reactions, improve microcirculation. Warmth appearance in the tissues is connected with the molecular movement.

Peculiarities of the action: increaseof theblood circulation, spasmolytic, resolve, anti-inflammatory in the chronic phase of inflammation. The deepness of the penetration is 1-2 cm.

Indications: local trophic and anti-inflammatoryactions under chronic inflammatory processes; neuritis, neuralgia, myitis; acholuric jaundice of newborn.

Contraindications: acute mattery-inflammatory diseases, innocent and malignant neoplasms, bleedings and disposition to them, deficiency of blood circulation of the 2^nd-3^rd stages.

 

Photo-therapy with white light with the influence on visual analyzer is a method of treatment, where is used the light mainly (80%) of visible range (401-780 nm) and partially (15-20%) of infrared (780-3000) excluding ultraviolet radiation with the influence on visual analyzer. Mechanism of the action is general for the laser therapy.

Peculiarities of the action: general-stimulating, influence on the endocrine glands, including epiphysis.

Indications: seasonal and non seasonal depressions; big mass of the body (obesity); premenstrual syndrome; pervigilium (insomnia); psycho-vegetative disability; dystonic hyperkinesis (torticollis, dyskinesia); parkinsonism; multi- infractive mental disability.

Contraindications: were not found.

 

Chrome-therapy (colour-therapy)-is a treatment usage of visible light rays in the range 401-780 nm). According to photo-biological interactions, rays of separate part of the spectrum range have different selection and deepness of absorption. Rays of red-orange spectrum (590-760) have the maximal deepness of penetration through the skin-to 3-4 cm, blue-violet (400-430 nm), to 2 cm. Visual reception develops psycho-physiological reactions on different colours. Red (R)- activates, warms, raises emotional tonus, removes the results of slow response, sluggishness; orange (O)- renews, intensifies, warms, stimulates, removes serfdom, mildly stimulates emotional tonus and renews nervous processes; yellow (Y)- strengthens, stimulates mildly, intensifies sub-threshold processes, leads out from catatonia strengthens nervous system; green (G)-balances, relaxes, calms down, removes intensity, weakens the pain, supports psycho-physical balance; blue, dark blue (B)-calm down, cool down, make milder, clear up consciousness, normalize balance of stimulant and slow response processes, reducing the over-stimulation, concentrate inner energy; violet (V)- inspires, stimulates mental activity, reduces nervous stimulation, deadens the pain.

Peculiarities of the action: psycho-physical (sedative or stimulant), informative, thermal, immune-stimulating.

Indications: functional disability of nervous system, migraine, skin diseases, dispersions (Y), jaundice of newborn (B), auto-immune thyroiditis with raised (Y) and reduced (B) functions, hyper-(B) and hypo-functions (O) of over-kidney glands.

Contraindications: fear of the light (botulism), fever.

 

Ultrasound therapy is a treatment method, under which tissues of the patient are influenced with the energy of mechanic vibrations of the particles of elastic environment with the frequency 22 and 44, 800-3000 kHz . Three main factors are in the base of the action: mechanic, physical-chemical and thermal. Ultrasound changes the penetration of membranes, intensifies diffusion and osmosis processes, raises the activeness of ions, hormones and other biologically active substances, activates fermentative activity, intensifies metabolism.

Peculiarities of the action: resolve, dissociating, regenerative, anti-inflammatory (out of the acute phase of inflammation), analgetic; anti-itching, local and reflectory-segmental; mechanic vibrations of the particles of elastic environment.

Indications: diseases of internals; disease of locomotor system, disease of peripheral nervous system; gynaecological diseases; urological diseases; dental diseases; eye diseases, skin diseases, ENT-diseases; diseases of bronchial-lungs system, including early forms of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Contraindications: neoplasms, thrombophlebitis, disposition to bleedings, hypertensive disease of the 1^st-2^nd stages, ischemic heart disease with angor pectoris, arrhythmia.

 

Phonophoresis of the medical substances. Methods- contact, through the wax fluid of the specimen. Intensity of ultrasound is 1.0 V/cm². Continual regime is recommended, but in special occasions - pediatric practice, elderly people, weak ill people, biologically active zones of the influence, frank vegetative-endocrine disfunction - phonophoresis is fulfilled in the impulse regime.

Indications: itis distinguished with pharmacological action of medical substance according to indications for the usage of ultrasound.

Contraindications: besides of general contraindications for the ultrasound, it is necessary to take into account contraindications for the usage of medical substance (intolerance, allergies).

Medical speciments for the phonophoresis: aloe, aminazin, analgin, antibiotics (ampicillin, monomycin, neomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, bi-cilline), apizarthron, apreccin, bishofit-gel, viprosal, viparin, heparin, hydrocortisone, histidin, aminophylline, cenalog, complamin, peloid, locacorten, methionine, obzidan, oxycort, oxyzon, pelan, pilocarpin, prednizolone, proposal, reparil-gel, sinalar, trilon B, fastum-gel, fibrinolysin, fluorocort.

Vibrotherapy is a treatment action of mechanic vibrations with the frequency 10-250 Hz, with direct contact of vibrator and tissues of the patient. With the frequency 20-50 Hz can be noticed mainly local vibration bio-resonant effects- rise of the limen of nociception, vasomotor reactions, synchronization of muscle bio-currents, activation of bio-chemical processes in muscles, intensification of local blood circulation and lymph-drainage, trophism, reduction of vassal and muscle tonus, the deepness of absorption rises when the vibration frequency reduces; under the frequency 100-200 Hz-segmental effects as an activation of spinal centers and relevant organs and structures; stream of sensory input in the CNS causes general effects- intensification of tonus of sympathoadrenal system with the limitation of immune movements, intensification of tissue aspiration and O2 utilization and mobilization of adaptive-adjustable processes. Peculiarities of the action: analgetic, trophic, vasoactive, restorative.

Indications: diseases and traumas of locomotor system (beats, breakage of copula, muscles, breaks after immobilization); contractions; arthrosis and arthropathia, scoliosis; dorsopathy; condition after of joints endoprosthesis; mono- and poly-neuropathies, neuralgia, radiculitis; flaccid and spastic paralysis, disease of bronchopulmonary system . Contraindications: acute period of diseases and traumas of locomotor system, Raynaud’s disease, endo-arteritis and atherosclerosis of low limb vessels, vibration disease, osteoporosis, thrombophlebitis, infected wounds and trophic ulcers, general contradictions for the physiotherapy (collagenosis, osteonecrosis, Paget disease).

 

Shock-wave therapy is a treatment mechanic action with serial low-frequency pneumatic impulses, which makes ballistic movements in adhere tissue, with the direct contact of implicator with the tissues of the patient. Primary biophysical processes are analogical to vibro-therapy. A specific component of the curing action is a possibility to turn off the painful trigger spot, without surgery interruption, with the help of development of degenerative changes in the receptor-field of copula-muscle locus, which is under the action. There are also mechanic irritation copula-muscle structures, vascular receptors and vegetative nervous fibers. The deepness of the wave absorption is 30mm.

Peculiarities of the action: analgetic (inactivation of trigger spots), trophic, vasoactive, bracing.

Indications: bursitis, tendonitis, carpal and ulcer shoulder epicondylitis, eperon of the hill, achillodynia, deformation of fingers, hypertrophic wrong joints, sprain and injury of the copulas, Dupuyinren’s contracture, myofascial pain syndromes, therapeutic usage of the shock-waves in the acupuncture.

Contraindications: as for the vibro-therapy.

 

Traction therapy is a dosed mechanical stretching of elastic backbone and major joins tissues. Kinds of the tractions: cervical, diametrical, horizontal, vertical and on the bent surface, “dry” and underwater, continuous and interrupted. Tractions stretch the backbone by means of the usage of the mass of the patient itself, give mechanic and thermal action on the backbone-moving segments, relax intensified muscles, improve connections of intercartilaginous joints, which rises functional mobility, volume of the movements and it improves segmental blob circulation and metabolic processes.

Peculiarities of the action: relaxation, trophic, decompression, metabolic. Stretching in the water in the optimal regime leads to the better peripheral blood circulation, normalization of the changed tonus and the strength of muscles, fulfils the relaxation of injured muscles and the effect of stretching, which fulfils the decompression of nervous-vascular elaborations and high therapeutic effect.

Indications: painful compression vertebragenous syndromes of different parts of the backbone and its joints; intercostals neuralgia; costal-shoulder syndrome; syndrome of front pectoralis; vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypotonic type; syndrome of piriform muscle; spasmus in gastronemius muscles, angiospasm of the leg vessels. With the preventive aim of patients by constant sedentary work or those, who do heavy manual labor.

Contraindications: as for the vibro-therapy.

It is prevention for the patients with a constant sitting job or for the patients, who has a hard physical work. Contraindications: acute phase of the disease, cicatrical-adhesive epidurit, circulation failure of the spinal cord (arahnitis); radiculopathy with the following diseases of abdomen (cholecustitis, ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, nephrolithiasis and cholelithiasis, falling of kidney, calculus in the gall bladder cicatrical processes after the operations on the organs of abdomen); special contraindications as for the usage of water therapy.

 

 

Atmotherapyis a method of treatment, when aerosol medicaments are used. Mechanism of the action: as a result of crushed medical substance rises the active surface and biological activity of its action on the jelly coat of airways and on the whole organism under relatively small dosage of medicaments. Medical substances, with are inserted by inhalant way, come into small circle of blood circulation, passing the liver, which makes the speciment more active.

Peculiarities of the action: direct influence of the water steam and medical substances on the bronchial- pulmonic system and organism of the patient; effects are modulated according to medical speciment.

Indications: acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of airways; diseases of bronchus  andlungs of specific and non specific character; before and after operation period under surgery interference on the lungs; hypertensive disease of the 1^st-2^nd stages; cardiac defects, CF of the 1^st-2^nd stages; for the hypnagogic action.

Contraindications: allergies on themedical substances, which are inserted, spontaneous pneumatothorax, extensive form of lungs emphysema, lungs bleedings coronary disease of the heart, stenocardia intension of the 1^st-2^nd functional class, hypertensive disease of the 2^nd stage, lung-heart failure of the 2^nd – 3^rd stages, tubootitis.

 

Speleological therapy is a method ofmedical usage of artificial microclimate, wher the patient is influenced with fine aerosol of NaCl (potassium chloride). It is hold in the speleological chamber

(model of “salt cave”). Aspiration of fine aerosols (NaCl) influences the function of bronchial-lung system, and also through neurohumoral mechanisms on the immune status. Effectiveness of the artificial microclimate chambers rises with the primary prescription of bronchial spasmolytic inhalations.

Peculiarities of the action: improvement of the functional condition of the nictate epithelium; normalization of bronchial transparency; improvement of drainage function of the dronchis; reduction of bronchial jelly turgidity; frank desensitizing effect; immune-modulating action.

Indications: bronchial asthma of the 1^st stage, infection-allergic, atopic forms of the light and medial severity with the respiratory failure of the 1^st-2^nd degrees with the lung-heart failure of the 1^st degree, previous asthma; chronic bronchitis with the asthmatic component in the phase of remission.

Contraindications: bronchial asthmawith hard severity, hormonal dependant, lung emphysema, diffusive pneumosclerosis, respiratory failure of the 3^rd degree, circulation failure of the 2^nd-3^rd degree, bronchiectasia, mattery processes in the lungs.

 

Aerosol therapy with singlet-oxygen admixture - is a method of treatment with the usage of inhalation which is prepared with singlet-oxygen admixture. Singlet form of the oxygen is the most active from all well-known variants and influences acid-renewing processes and peroxide oxidation. Nowadays it is considered to be some part of factors (coherent monochrome [laser] and other forms of electrical-magnetic radiation) in the base of their action, which  have mechanisms of singlet-oxygen induction. So under the influence of physical factor, singlet-oxygen appears in the organism, and it is the main “offender” of sanogenetic processes. But is should be noticed that oxygen, which is activated in such a way “lives” not for a long time (split second). That is why methods of the artificial regeneration of singlet form of the oxygen are rewarding. Peculiarity of the factor action: it liquidates the lack of activated oxygen in the blood and organism tissues. Singlet-oxygen admixture can be used as an inhalation, alvus lavage, and also as cocktails.

Indications: chronic diseases (of different etiology) with torpent course and frequent recrudescense of a disease; with healthful and preventive aim.

Contraindications: were not found. It is undesired to prescribe procedures in the acute phase of a disease.

Electrical-aerosol therapy-is a method of treatment, analogical to aerosol therapy with the additional getting of electrical charge by aerosol particles. As a result of medical substance crush increases active surface and biologically active action on the jelly coat of the airways and on the whole organism under relatively small doses of medicaments. Medical substances, which are inserted with inhalation way, get into small circle of blood circulation passing over the liver, which provides more continual active action of the speciment. Peculiarities of the action: receptor action of electrical charge appears – better transparency of speciments in the airways- in comparison with aerosol therapy.

Indications and contraindications: the same as for the aerosol therapy.

 

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HO) - is the method of treatment with an oxygen and fractional pressure more than 1 atm (1 kgf/cm²) in special chambers of increased pressure. High oxidation power underlies in the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation. Mechanism and peculiarities of the action: liquidation of organ and tissue hypoxia, improvement of microcirculation, normalization of energetic balance of the cellule, activation of biosynthetic processes, precaution of formation of toxic metabolites and activation of their disability, regulation of functional and metabolic activity of cellules, suppression of microorganisms life activity, deblocking of inactive hematoglobulin and cytochrom oxidase, immune-correcting action, increasing of malignant neoplasm cellule  radiosensibility, reduction of cerebral pressure, improvement of brain blood circulation in the zone of damage, reduction of gas volume, which is present in intestine and in vessels under the paresis of intestine.

Indications: potential action of diuretic, antiarrythmic, anti-infective, cytostatic speciments and at the same time reduction of activity.

Ozone therapy is the usage of ozone (OZ) with the treatment aim. Medical ozone is ozone-oxygen admixture, which is synthesized with the help of medical ozonizer in the way of barrier discharge in the current of the oxygen under the influence of alternate current of the high pressure. Plasmatic membranes of cellules are the main aims of ozone biotropic action. It is noticed improvement of reproductive cellule ability (under low doses) and their death (under high doses) during the period of treatment. System anti-infective and anti-viral action is realized with the help of discrete appearance of peroxides. Rises flexibility of red blood cells and rises the number of 2.3 diphospoglycerat , which transports oxygen from red blood cells to the tissues. It is registered transformation of unfilled fatty acids on water-soluble connections.

Non specific action: stimulation of save and adapted reactions, optimization of central and system hemodynamics, improvement of peripheral blood circulation, respiration.

 

Ozone therapy includes the following methods: ozone water for the internal usage; ozone oil for the internal usage and for the applications; ozone including antiseptics for the bandages, sanitation of the wounds and cavities; blowing with ozone under law pressure; ozone bathes (burn patients); cavity (internally-intestinal) inflations – enemas or insufflation of gas-like ozone-oxygen admixture; flush with ozone water, and also intra-skin, under-skin, intra-joint, intramuscular, intravenous insertion of ozone physiological fluid.

Peculiarities of the action: metabolic, immune-stimulating, direct disinfecting and scalp-stimulating (local action).

Indications: occlusive dispraxia of peripheral arterias, varicosity with venous failure, IHD, blind headache, dis-circulatory encephalopathy; bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, ulcer disease of the stomach, chronic hepatitis, burns, bed sores, insults and bone breakages; tuberculosis; diabetes, obesity, adiposities, lipodystrophy; skin diseases.

Contraindications: apoplectic shock, hyperthyroidism, predisposition to spasms, reduction of blood coagulability, thrombocytopenia, allergy to ozone.

 

Oxygen therapy is a curing usage of medical oxygen under the atmosphere pressure with the help of aspiration systems. Hyperoxia removes hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia, and increasing of partial pressure O₂ in blood intensifies vassal tonus and causes continual vasoconstriction. Because of reduction of carotic chemoreceptors irritation also reduces alveolar ventilation, reduces the pulse frequency, AT, retract function of the heart. With the course usage it is reduced lung arterial hypertension, failure of the right ventricle (“lung heart”), it is renewed normal correlation of slow and fast phases of the sleep.

Peculiarities of the action: stimulation of anabolism, detoxication.

Indications: panting after physical activity and in relaxed condition; arterial hypoxemia; reduction of speed inspiratory characteristics more than in 40%; partial pressure O₂ less than 35 mm column of mercury; acute inspiratory failure in the time of intensive therapy; collapse; arterial hypotension; preparation to the operation, intoxication; chronic lung obstruction; bronchial asthma, vasomotor rhinitis.

Contraindications: acute inflammatory diseases of lungs, spontaneous pneumothorax ; bronchial asthma with frequent and hard attacks.

 

Aeroionotherapy- curing usage of aeroions of air environment- light charged air gas molecules, curing dose – (1-1.5)×10¹¹. Aeroions activate movement of setules of trachea and bronchi nictate epithelium. The defluvium of slime and begma from airways rise as a result of mucociliary clearance intensification. Intruding into airways, they cause proliferation of bronchi nictate epithelium cellules and rise the speed of begma drain. Chemically active molecules interact with molecular complexes of biological membranes, induce the proliferation of biologically active substances from cellules, which stimulate metabolic processes in airways epithelium, cause widening of arterioles and intensify blood circulation in bronchial and alveolar vessels, activate reparative processes in airways.

Peculiarities of the action: anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulating, metabolic, bronchial-drainage, bactericidal, reparative-regenerative, sedative.

Indications: chronic, non specific lung diseases (chronic obstructive bronchitis in the phase of remission, pneumonia in the phase of recovery, dry and exudative pleuritis); bronchial asthma with rare attacks; inactive lung tuberculosis; neurocirculatory asthenia by hypertonic type; hypertensive disease of the 1^st stage, asthenia; sleep disability, defatigation.

Contraindications: depressions, organic diseases of the CNS, condition after cardiac infarction, acute disability of brain blood circulation (in first 3 months), pneumonia in acute phase, bronchial asthma with frequent and hard attacks, risen sensibility to air ionization.

 

Normobaric hypoxic therapy- curing usage of gas admixture, which modulates mountain air of special frequency with reduced partial oxygen pressure. Hypoxia intensifies lung and alveolar ventilation, reduces risen arterial pressure (AP). In the phase of re-oxygenation in the tissues rises the number of oxygen active forms, which stimulate products alveolocyte by macrophage destruction phagocytosis, cellular and humoral immunogenesis. Antioxidant system activates. Peculiarities of the action: anti-inflammatory, hemo-stimulating, metabolic, bronchial-drainage, immune-modulating, reparative-regenerative.

Indications: chronic obstructive bronchitis in the phase of remission, pneumonia in the phase of recovery, dry and exudative pleuritis; bronchial asthma of light and medial degrees; hypertensive disease of the 1^st-2^nd stages, IHD, exertional angina of the 1^st-2^nd functional class, post infarct cardiosclerosis (6 months), vibration disease; results of brain injury, circulatory encephalopathy of the 1^st-2^nd stages; asthenia; depression; asiderotic and hypoplastic anemia; thyrotoxicosis of the 1^st-2^nd stages.

Contraindications: acute pneumonia, obstructive airway diseases,bronchial asthma with frequent and hard attacks, multiple bronchiectasis, acute infections, individual intolerance of hypoxia.

 

Carbogenes therapy is a curing usage of gas admixtures with the risen concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide (carbogenes). Enlargement of partial carbon dioxide pressure makes slowly its mass-transfer through the aero-hematic barrier into alveoles. Delay of carbon dioxide excretion from the alveoles leads to the reflectory irritation of inspiration zone of respiration centre and carotic chemoceptors. Increase of partial pressure CO₂ stimulates hemogenesis and outlet of blood elements from depot. Dissociation of carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin complexes becames faster and easier under the plenty of CO₂. It forms in the case of carbon dioxide and azote dioxide poisoning. Alveoles ventilation increases because of tissues hypercapnia.

Peculiarities of the action: adaptive, metabolic, hemostimulating, micro-circulating, detoxification.

Indications: neurocirculatory asthenia, asiderotic and hypoplastic anemia; toxic blood affect (carbon dioxide and mushroom poisoning); asthenic feelings.

Contraindications: acute somatic and infection diseases, blood circulation failure of the 1^st stage, hypertensive disease of the 2^nd stage, results of brain injury, psychopathies.

 

General hypobaric therapy is a curing usage of the air under decreased atmosphere pressure. As a result of tissue hypoxia red blood cells come out blood depots and activate erythrogenesis. Reduction of O₂ concentration in the air and partial pressure in the alveoles causes irritation of carotic hemoceptors and activates respiratory centre. Compensative intensification of lung ventilation increases mass transfer of O₂ and CO₂ through the alveole-capillary membrane. Impegnation of O₂ tissues intensifies cellule respiration in the chondriosomes and activates micro-somatic anti-toxic systems of cytochromes.

Peculiarities of the action: adaptive, hemostimulating, metabolic, detoxification, immune-modulating, reparative-regenerative, act protective.

Indications: asiderotic anemia in the phase of remission, toxic blood affects; chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma of the light and hard severity degrees; neurocirculatory asthenia by hypertensive and mixed types, hypertensive disease of the 1^st degree, post infarct cardiosclerosis (6 months); diabetes; neurasthenia, asthenic feelings, vegetative-vascular disfunction; inflammatory diseases of female genital organs; preparation to the childbearing.

Contraindications: blood diseases, results of brain injury,brain blood circulation failure , fibroid and metrofibroma, kidney failure, decompensated diabetes,  toxic goiter, ENT-abnormality with disability of barofunction, claustrophobia.

 

Local barotherapy is a curing action with pressed and rarefied air on the patient’s tissues. Reduction of atmosphere pressure increases the transparency of surface-vascular derma plexus endothelium up to the breakage of some capillary walls. High pressure presses surface tissues. Pressure reduction on the limited part of the skin changes normal correlation of gradients of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in blood and lymph vessels. Increase of their contrast leads to growth of convective fluid stream and two way metabolism in the zone of microcirculation. Concentration gradient O₂ and CO₂ rises, which leads to the growth of speed of their trans-capillary diffusion, it rises metabolism. Negative pressure leads to breakage of some capillary walls of the skin with spot bloodstroke (hematid), rises the amount of neutrophils, which go in interstitium, and lymphocytes. It is noticed intensification of reparative and regenerative processes in tissues, immunity activates.

Vacuum-compression raises the filtration of the fluid through the wall of lymph capillary with the drainage of inter-cellule spatium, with the reduction tissue turgidity, compression of nervous skin carriers in inflammatory zone, which leads to renewing of tactile and pain sensibilities. As a result of skin-visceral reflexes intensifies the blood circulation in organs with corresponding meta-matter, intensifies the laxation.

Vacuum-decompression of low limbs causes tachycardia and hypotonus, together with high blood pressure in the lung vein. Negative pressure causes opening capillaries, intensifies measure of trans-capillary exchange (especially oxygen transportation) and in general creates zone of high metabolic activity. High pressure in the chamber, with is given to surface tissues, pushes out the blood from tissues to vessels. Travel pressure improves circulation and blood supply, at least, of surface tissues. Warmth assists to vessel widening, and it appears in the chamber as a result of air temperature rise. Non-functioning capillaries, arterioles break, also reduce peripheral resistance of vessels. Barotherapy assists to lymph flow circulation. Connection of local increase and reduction of barometric pressure (impulse barotherapy) rise the tonus of muscular type and selective penetration of capillaries, which leads to improvement of blood circulation of skeletal muscles. Curing effects: anti-inflammatory, metabolic, vasoactive, bronchial- and lymph-drainage, immune-stimulating, spasmolytic.

Indications: osteochondrosisof the backbone, neuralgia, myalgia, intestinal atony, chronic arterial failure, trophic ulcers, skin dispraxia, chronic pneumonia, prostatitis, atonic colitis, pyelonephritis.

Contraindications. Diseases: apostems, acute inflammatory skin and under skin cellulose diseases, acute respiratory diseases, angor, predisposition to bleeding, thrombophlebitis, elephantiasis, varicose disease, chronic vein failure, phlebempraxia, hypertensive disease, higher than the 2^nd stage, IHD, reconstructive operations on vessels.

 

Addible ventilation of the lungs is a method of curing action on airways with air admixture under high atmosphere pressure. There are three main methodic variants of ventilation: with positive pressure to the end of expiration, with continual positive pressure and oscillometric modulation of respiration by air vibrations with the frequency 3-5 Hz. The change of air flow aerodynamics in the lungs facilitates the work of respiratory muscles, removes begma, renews transparency of bronchiole tubes. Ventilation with the positive pressure to the end of expiration liquidates early close of airways, reduces water content in lung interstitium, renews gas mass-transfer and ventilative-perfusion correlation.

Ventilation with continual positive pressure, together with noted above action, compensates negative pressure in airways from the beginning of the inhale, which is the main in restrictive lung dispraxia and weakness of respiratory muscles. Oscillatory respiration modulation provides, with the help of cross mechanic vibrations, phenomena of “internal-lung percussion”, which leads to strengthening of the frequency of palpebra epithelium bronchial movements and mucociliary clearance.

Peculiarities of the action: recompression, bronchial drainage, mucolytic, vasoactive and general-metabolic.

Indications: chronic obstructive lung disease, respiratory distress-syndrome, aspirating syndrome; lung atelectasis; lung emphysema; chronic asthmatic bronchitis, fluid lungs, fibrosing alveolitis, obstructive night apnea; fluid brain.

Contraindications: elevator disease, frank pneumofibrosis, multiple bronchiectasis, chronic lung abscesses, spontaneous pneumothorax, bronchial asthma of hard course, pleural adhesions after dry and exudative pleurisy.