Main resorts

According to the classification, balneology health resorts are resorts that have the natural sources of mineral water. Mineral waters are applied for internal use at the water resorts and external use as general and local baths, douches, bowels irrigations and bathings. Indications for balneotherapy are defined depending on the characteristic of the therapeutic mineral waters.

Mud cure resorts have developed in the areas with deposits of therapeutic muds (peloids), or they are located not far from their deposits. Among the therapeutic muds they distinguish six types: sulfide, peat, sapropelic (freshwater silts), hills, hydrothermal muds and clayey silts. During the treatment silt sulphide and peat peloids are used more widely.

Climatic health resorts function in the areas with the specific peculiarities of the climatic conditions of different types (seaside, steppe, forest etc.). As a rule, balneology health resorts also differ by peculiarities of climate and fully influence the physiological state of an organism. Below the alphabetical list of the main resorts of our country is given.

Alupka is a seaside climatic health resort in the Crimea.

Climate description: hot summer, warm autumn, mild winter. The swimming season in the Black Sea is from May to September, water temperature in the sea reaches 18-24 °C. Therapeutic beaches are pebbly. Indications for referral to the resort: specific respiratory diseases.

Alushta is a climatic seaside foothill resort in the Crimea. Climate description: hot summer, warm autumn, mild winter, average air temperature is 12°C. The swimming season in the sea is from May to September. The sea beaches are pebbly and sandy. Favourable combination of the sea air and the air of mountain forests is observed. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of circulatory, respiratory and nervous systems, metabolic disorders, skin diseases.

BERDYANSK Resort is a balneology, mud and climatic seaside health resort, which is situated on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov in Zaporizhia region. Climate description: dry and hot summer (air temperature is up to 33 °C), mild winter with the unstable snow cover. The swimming season in the Sea of Azov is from May to September (water is warmed up to 26-30 °C). The sea beaches are sandy. Combination of the sea and steppe air is favourable. Natural therapeutic factors: the coast climate, silt peloids, estuaries brine, mineral chloride sodium iodine-bromine waters with the mineralization from 12 to 60 g/dm³, low-mineralized chloride sodium mineral “Berdyanska” water. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of musculoskeletal system, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine and urogenital systems, metabolic disorders.

Berezivski MINERAL WATERS Resort is a balneology water health resort of the steppe zone of Kharkiv region. Climate description: the climate is moderately continental, hot summer (+20 °C), mild winter (-7 °C). Natural therapeutic factors: hydrocarbonate waters, waters of various cationic composition with the high content of organic substances and siliceous waters. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of gastrointestinal tract, liver, metabolic disorders, diseases of circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, urogenital, musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

KONCHA-ZASPA is a balneology climatic health resort, which is situated in Kyiv region, in the forest zone. Climate description: warm summer, mild winter, moderately continental climate. Natural therapeutic factors: favourable climatic conditions, coniferous and deciduous forests, radon mineral waters.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, urogenital, endocrine and musculoskeletal systems, digestive and metabolic disorders.

VOROKHTA is a climatic lowland resort in Ivano-Frankivsk region. It is located at a height of 800-850 m above sea level in the valley of the Prut river, at the northern slope of the eastern Carpathians.

Climate description: warm summer, air temperature is +18 ° C, mild winter (-6 °C). Natural therapeutic factors: favourable climatic conditions of lowland. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of respiratory apparatus of tuberculous and nontuberculous etiology.

HOLUBYNE is a climatic balneology health resort in Zakarpattia region. It is located in Svaliava district in the valley of the Pinia river, between Holubyne and Poliana villages. Climate description: the climate is moderately continental. The average air temperature is +10 °C. Long and warm summer, the coldest month is January with air temperature of -5 °C to -25 °C. Natural therapeutic factors: carbonic acid boric hydrocarbonate sodium mineral waters. The bottle filling of “Luzhanska” and “Luzhanska-7” waters is carried out. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of digestive apparatus, metabolic disorders, diseases of circulatory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, urogenital and musculoskeletal systems.

EUPATORIA Resort is an old seaside balneomud cure and climatic resort. It is located at the shore of Kalamyta Bay of the Black Sea. Climate description: long hot summer, dry warm autumn, big number of sunny days (up to 257), no sharp temperature fluctuations. The sea breezes, combination of warm sea and steppe climate and healthful air of estuaries are typical. Beaches the seabed are sandy. The swimming season in the sea is from May to September.

Natural therapeutic factors: favourable climatic conditions of the Black Sea resort, silt peloids, brine of the Moinaky lake, mineral thermal chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium waters, bromide chloride sodium waters of high mineralization, hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium boric and hydrocarbonate chloride sodium mineral water. There is the city pump-room of the mineral water, hole No.13. In addition to the sanatorium-and-spa treatment of children and teenagers, their health improvement is well-organized. There are 37 sanatoria, including 10 specialized children’s sanatoria of Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine and of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, sanatoria for children and their parents, children’s health centres, sanatorium kindergartens for preschoolers. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of the musculoskeletal apparatus, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital and endocrine systems, digestive system, metabolic disorders, skin diseases and consequences of radiation influence.

KYRYLIVKA is a climatic and mud cure seaside resort of local importance in Zaporizhia region. It is located on the shore of the Sea of Azov and Utliuh estuary, which is separated from the sea by the sand spit. It is located at a height of 10 m above sea level, 40 km from the railway station.

Climate description: climate is moderately continental and steppe. Warm summer, air temperature in July is up to +21 °C, mild winter with air temperature in January of up to -6 °C. The seashore is sloping, sandy beaches are of more than 250 m in length.

Natural therapeutic factors: silt sulfide peloids, brine of the Utliuh and Molochny estuaries of chloride-sulfide sodium-calcium type, chloride sodium brines. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of musculoskeletal apparatus, nervous and respiratory systems, gynecological pathology.

KOSIV is a local climatic resort in Ivano-Frankivsk region. It is located in the valley of the Rybnytsia river, at the spurs of the south-eastern Carpathians, at an height of 145 m above sea level. Climate description: mild climate, warm summer with average air temperature in July of up to +18 °C and in January of -7°C. Natural therapeutic factors: climatic conditions of coniferous and deciduous forests. Indications for referral to the resort: nonspecific and specific respiratory diseases.

LIUBIN VELYKYI is a balneology health resort in Lviv region, which is situated at a height of 275 m above sea level. Climate description: mild climate, warm summer with average air temperature in July of +18.5 °C and in January of -4 °C. Average air temperature is +8 ° C, relative humidity is 60%. The Vereshchytsia river with picturesque banks is flowing. Natural therapeutic factors: low-sulfide-hydrosulfide hydrocarbonate-sulphate calcium waters of low mineralization, peat peloids.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of cardiovascular, nervous system, respiratory apparatus, musculoskeletal system, digestive, endocrine and urogenital systems, skin diseases and metabolic disorders.

MYRHOROD Resort is a balneology water and mud cure resort in the forest-steppe zone of Poltava region. Climate description: mild climate, without sharp temperature fluctuations. The average air temperature is 7 °C, humidity is 77%. In the warm season of the year relative humidity is up to 20-30%, atmospheric pressure is 765 mm Hg. In summer one can bathe in the Khorol river.

Natural therapeutic factors: low-mineralized chloride sodium water, mineral iodine-bromine chloride-sodium brines, peat peloids in the floodplain of the Khorol river.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of digestive apparatus, metabolic disorders, disturbances of circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine and urogenital systems, skin diseases.

MORSHYN Resort is a balneology foothill health resort in Lviv region. Climate description: warm summer (+20 °C in July), mild winter (-4 °C in January), climate is moderately continental. The resort is surrounded by picturesque valleys, pine and deciduous forests, Bereznytsia river is flowing here. The Carpathian foothills create the unique climatic conditions of the resort.

Natural therapeutic factors: sulfate, chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride sodium and magnesium-sodium brines. Ozocerite is applied.

Indications for referral to the resort: chronic diseases of digestive apparatus, circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous, urogenital and endocrine systems, metabolic disorders.

NEMYRIV is a balneology health resort in Yavoriv district of Lviv region. It is located in 100 km from Lviv city. Climate description: climate is mild, moderately humid, warm summer with average air temperature of +18 °C in July, mild winter with average air temperature of -4 °C in January. The resort is surrounded by deciduous and coniferous forests.

Natural therapeutic factors: low-sulfide-hydrosulfide sulphate, hydrocarbonate-sulphate calcium waters of low mineralization, peat peloids.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of nervous and cardiovascular systems, digestive, musculoskeletal, urogenital and endocrine systems, skin diseases.

ODESA is a balneology mud cure climatic seaside resort, which includes the following group: Kuyalnik, Luzanovka, Hadjibey, Lermontovskyi, Arkadia, Velykyi Fontan (Great Fountain), Chornomorka, Carolino-Buhaz, Zatoka (Bay), Prymorskyi (Seaside), Lebedevka, Mala Dolyna (Small Valley).

Climate description: the combination of the sea and steppe climate of salt estuaries with warm summer (+23 °C in July) and mild winter (-5 °C in January).

Natural therapeutic factors: chloride sodium, hydrocarbonate-sulfate-chloride sodium, chloride sodium mineral waters with the high content of metasilicic acid, applied for internal and external use, silt sulphide peloids of Kuyalnik and Shabolat estuaries. Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of digestive and musculoskeletal apparatus, central and peripheral nervous system affection, cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital and endocrine systems.

Ochakiv is a climatic resort at the Black Sea coast, located in 70 km from Mykolaiv city and in 150 km from Odessa city. Climate description: climate is warm, moderately humid, the maximum air temperature in summer is up to +40 °C, average temperature is +10 °C, relative humidity in June and September is 50-60%. The combination of steppe and maritime climate, fine-sand beaches add special value to the resort a in treating nonspecific diseases of respiratory apparatus, blood circulation, bone and musculoskeletal system, nervous, endocrine and urogenital systems.

Indications for referral to the resort: respiratory system diseases.

Poliana is a balneology foothill health resort in the forest zone of Zakarpattia, Svaliava district. It is located at a height of 290 m above sea level, in 9 km from the Svaliava railway station, and in 35 km from Mukachevo city in the picturesque valley of the Pinia river, the tributary of the Latorica river.

Climate description: moderately continental climate, long and hot summer with maximum air temperature of +30 °C, mild winter. Annual amount of precipitations is from 900 to 1100 mm with prevalence in June, November and October. The average relative air humidity is 82%. The north wind direction prevails in summer, south and south-east – in autumn and winter.

Natural therapeutic factors: carbonic acid, boric hydrocarbonate sodium water (mineralization is 5.5-12.0 g/dm³) of the Poliana field “Poliana Kvasova” and “Poliana Kupil”. Indications for referral to the resort: chronic diseases of digestive apparatus, metabolic disorders, diseases of blood circulation, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems, nervous, endocrine and urogenital systems.

Table 2.1. Classification of the main resorts of Ukraine

Region	Resort	Classification of theResort
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea	Alushta	Climatic
	Eupatoria	Climatic, balneology mud cure
	Saky	Climatic, balneology mud cure
	Feodosiya	Climatic, balneology mud cure
	Yalta municipality: Gurzuf Yalta, Miskhor, Koreiz, Gaspra, Alupka, Symeiz, Foros	Climatic
Vinnytsia	Khmilnyk	Balneology
Donetsk	Sloviansk	Balneology mud cure
Donetsk	Slovianohirsk	Climatic
Zakarpattia	Holubyne	Balneology
	Poliana	Balneology
	Syniak	Balneology
	Svaliava	Balneology
Zaporizhia	Berdyansk	Climatic, balneology mud cure
Zaporizhia	Kyrylivka	Climatic, balneology mud cure
Ivano-Frankivsk	Cherche	Climatic, balneology mud cure
	Vorokhta	Climatic, balneology mud cure
	Yaremche	Climatic, balneology mud cure
Kyiv	Koncha-Zaspa	Climatic, balneology
Kyiv	Puscha-Vodytsia	Climatic
Lviv	Truskavets	Balneology
	Morshyn	Balneology
	Nemyriv	Balneology
	Liubin Velykyi	Balneology
Mykolaiv	Ochakiv	Climatic
Odesa	Odesa group of resorts: Kuyalnik, Lermontovskyi, Arkadia, Velykyi Fontan (Great Fountain), Carolino-Buhaz, Chornomorka, Zatoka (Bay), Hadjibey, Luzanivka, Prymorskyi (Seaside), Lebedevka, Mala Dolyna (Small Valley)	Climatic, balneology mud cure
Poltava	Myrhorod	Balneology
Kharkiv	Berezivski Mineral Waters	Balneology
Kherson	Hopry	Balneology mud cure
Kherson	Skadovsk	Climatic

Puscha-Vodytsia is a climatic resort in the zone of coniferous forest in the northern outskirts of Kyiv city. It is located at a height of 150 m above sea level. Climate description: moderately continental climate, warm summer, mild winter, warm and dry autumn. Average air temperature is +7 °C, relative humidity is 76%. The maximum amount of precipitations is up to 600 mm a year, there are spring streams and lakes.

Natural therapeutic factors: favourable climate of coniferous forests.

Indications for referral to the resort: nonspecific respiratory diseases, diseases of cardiovascular and nervous systems.

RAY-OLENIVKA is a balneology water health resort in Kharkiv region. It is located in 12 km from Kharkiv city in the deciduous forest on the hillside. Climate description: moderately continental climate. Warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July is +21 °C, average monthly air temperature in January is -8 °C. The average annual amount of precipitations is up to 500 mm. There is the predomination of western winds in summer, south-eastern and eastern ones – in winter.

Natural therapeutic factors: mineral low-mineralized hydrocarbonate waters of different cationic composition with high content of organic substances.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, rehabilitation of patients in post-emergency period during the Chernobyl disaster.

Saky Resort is an old balneology mud cure seaside resort in the western part of the Crimea. It is located on the shore of the Saky Lake, in 4 km from the Black Sea coast, in 20 km from Eupatoria city and in 45 km from Simferopol. Climate description: favourable climate with hot summer (average monthly air temperature in July is +23 °C), mild winter (average monthly air temperature in February is 2.1 °C), amount of precipitations is up to 350 mm a year. Prevailing of sunny weather (2500 hours a year) and the sea breezes are typical.

Natural therapeutic factors: silt sulphide peloids of the Eastern Basin of the Saky Lake; the brine of the Saky Lake of high mineralization (250-280 g/dm³), low-mineralized hydrocarbonate-chloride chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium thermal water (temperature is +45 °C).

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of nervous system, musculoskeletal apparatus, circulatory, respiratory, urogenital and endocrine systems, skin diseases, metabolic disorders.

Syniak is a balneology lowland health resort in Zakarpattia region. It is located in 20 km from Mukachevo city, at a height of 420 m above sea level, in the picturesque valley of the Matiyeva river, not far from the basin of the Syniak Lake. Climate description: the mountain climate, warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +17 °C, mild winter with average monthly air temperature in January of -5 °C. High air humidity (average humidity is 67%). big amount of precipitations a year (110 mm).

Natural therapeutic factors: mineral water “Syniak” (holes No.15-P and No.17-P) – low-sulfide, sulphate sodium-calcium low-mineralized.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of nervous system, musculoskeletal apparatus, urogenital system, digestion, respiratory, circulation and endocrine systems.

SLOVIANOHIRSK is a climatic resort, which is situated in 34 km from Sloviansk city. It is located in the valley of the Siversky Donets river. Climate description: moderately continental climate, average monthly air temperature in July is +30 °C, and in January it is -6 °C. The swimming season in the river begins in May and lasts till August, the water temperature reaches +24 °C. Beaches are sandy.

Natural therapeutic factors: the favourable climate of the forest zone, mineral chloride-sulfate calcium, sodium-calcium, ferruginous water of low mineralization. Indications for referral to the resort: nonspecific lung diseases, diseases of nervous and cardiovascular systems, respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal systems, urogenital and endocrine systems, skin diseases.

SLOVIANSK is the oldest balneology mud cure resort of the steppe zone in Donetsk region. It is located in the interfluve of the Siversky Donets and the Kazenny Torets rivers, in 110 km from Donetsk city, on the shore of the Ripne and the Slipne lakes.

Climate description: continental climate, warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +30 °C, average monthly air temperature in January of -8 °C. Relative humidity is 80%. Clear sunny weather dominates in the summer period.

Natural therapeutic factors: silt sulphide peloids and the brine of the Ripne lake (mineralization is 130-140 g/dm³), springs of mineral chloride sodium and chloride-sulphate magnesium-calcium-sodium waters of different mineralization.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of the musculoskeletal apparatus, nervous, cardiovascular, urogenital and endocrine systems, respiratory and digestive apparatus.

TRUSKAVETS Resort is the oldest balneology lowland water health resort in Lviv region. It is located in 100 km from Lviv city, at a height of 400 m above sea level, in the picturesque valley of the foothills of the Carpathians.

Climate description: mild moderately continental climate, warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +17 °C, mild winter with average monthly air temperature in January of -6 °C.

Natural therapeutic factors: more than 25 springs of mineral waters with different chemical composition and different mineralization. Truskavets deposit “Naftusia” is the hydrocarbonate sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium low mineralized (0.5-1.0 g/dm³) waters with high content of the organic substances (10.0-45.0 g/dm³). Waters of the springs Nos. 1, 2, 12 and others are chloride, sulfate-chloride sodium, sulfate calcium-sodium of low and medium mineralization. Strong iodine-bromide, sulfate-chloride magnesium-sodium with high-boric acid (hole No. 188-E of the Bystrivske Field) brines are applied for the production of the “Barbara” salt. Treatment with ozocerite is effective.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of digestive system, metabolic disorders, urogenital system, circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous and endocrine systems.

FEODOSIYA is a seaside climate balneology mud cure resort in the Crimea. It is located in 116 km from Simferopol on the coast of the Feodosiya Bay. Climate description: moderately continental climate. Warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +24 °C, mild winter with average monthly air temperature in January of +1 °C.

Natural therapeutic factors: seaside steppe climate, sulfate-chloride sodium water (mineralization is 4.6-5.5 g/dm³), sulfide chloride sodium waters (mineralization is 6.5-10.0 g/dm³).

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal apparatus, nervous system and circulation organs.

Khmilnyk resort is a balneology health resort in Vinnytsia region. It is located in 65 km from Vinnytsia city, at the Southern Buh river, at a height of 285 m above sea level. Climate description: moderately continental climate, warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +20 °C, long winter with frequent thaws and average monthly air temperature in January of -4 °C. The number of sunny days reaches 190. Relative air humidity in summer is 60%, average wind speed increases in the winter months (6 m/s). Massifs of coniferous-deciduous forests add peculiarity to the climatic conditions. Natural therapeutic factors: mineral radon waters of the Novokhmilnytskyi and Khmilnytskyi deposits (sections “Kurortnyi” and “Holodkynskyi”) are characterized as mineral low-radon medium-radon hydro-carbonate magnesium-calcium waters of weak mineralization. The peat peloids of Voitovetskyi deposit are widely used.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of musculoskeletal apparatus, rheumatic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of nervous system, endocrine system, skin diseases, urogenital and digestive systems.

CHERCHE is a balneology mud cure foothill resort in Ivano-Frankivsk region. It is located in 80 km from Lviv city, in the Carpathian foothills at a height of 300 m above sea level. Climate description: warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +18 °C, moderately mild winter with average monthly air temperature in January of -5 °C.

Natural therapeutic factors: mineral waters – sulphide mineral waters, peat peloids.

Indications for referral to the resort: diseases of musculoskeletal apparatus, nervous system, diseases of digestive apparatus, urogenital system, respiratory, circulatory and endocrine systems and metabolic disorders.

YALTA is the oldest climatic seaside resort in the Crimea. Climate description: mild Mediterranean climate, hot summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +24 °C, short mild winter. Predomination of clear sunny days (2250 hours a year). Relative air humidity is lower than in the resorts of the Caucasus. The swimming season in the sea is long (from May to October).

Natural therapeutic factors: favourable conditions of the foothill seaside subtropical climate of the north-Mediterranean type, landscape therapy, low-mineralized sulfate-hydrocarbonate mineral water of different cationic composition of the hole No.6837 of Yalta city (initial research of the phase of clinical testing).

Indications for referral to the resort: specific and nonspecific diseases of respiratory, circulatory, musculoskeletal, nervous and endocrine systems, metabolic disorders, skin diseases.

YAREMCHE is a mountain climatic resort in Ivano-Frankivsk region. It is located in 70 km from Ivano-Frankivsk city, in the valley of the Prut river, at a height of 665 m above sea level.

Climate description: warm summer with average monthly air temperature in July of +17 °C, mild winter with average monthly air temperature in January of -6 °C.

Natural therapeutic factors: favourable climate of the mountain resort of the forest zone.

Indications for referral to the resort: specific and nonspecific respiratory diseases.

The resorts of Ukraine have a considerable medical and health potential that is successfully used sanatorium-and-spa treatment. The complex of issues of sanitary control of the health resorts and deposits of natural medicinal resources needs particular attention. The development of the activities regulation within the zones of sanitary protection of the resorts and quality control of natural medicinal resources gain in big importance. The Ukrainian Research Institute of medical rehabilitation and balneology provides monitoring of natural areas of the resorts, which will give the positive result in the issues of conservation and efficient use of natural medicinal resources and natural areas of the resorts.

Implementation of the state policy in the sphere of the resorts activity must become one of the priorities of the national social policy and economics.

The strategic goal of the state policy in the sphere of resort is the formation and development of the effective, profitable and competitive in the world market resort complex, creation of the optimal system of providing reasonable and effective sanatorium-and-spa treatment and rest for the great masses of population according to the guaranteed level of health care, ensuring the needs of citizens of Ukraine and foreigners with the resort-recreation services at the world standards level, and also ecologically sustainable and effective nature management.

K.D. Babov, V.O. Poberska, L.I. Fisenko, O.A. Kolomiyets

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